{"id":8999,"date":"2017-03-09T18:04:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-09T18:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/?p=8999"},"modified":"2020-11-17T10:39:04","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T09:39:04","slug":"students-guide-comprehension-based-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"A student&#8217;s guide to comprehension-based learning"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-9003\" src=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc-300x198.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc-768x507.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc-1024x676.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc.png 1264w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>In two previous posts, Diane Neubauer has discussed what comprehension-based teaching and learning is and why it&#8217;s useful. In this third and last article in this series, the focus is much more practical: If you think a comprehension-based approach is the right thing for you as a student, what should you do? How can you make use of the underlying principles in your own learning? Can you train your teacher to use this approach with you? Before you read, make sure you&#8217;re a little bit familiar with parts <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/introduction-comprehension-based-chinese-teaching-learning\/\">one<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/benefits-comprehension-based-approach-teaching-learning-chinese\/\">two<\/a>!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Now that we have looked at what comprehension-based approaches are and some of their benefits, let&#8217;s look at what this means for you as a student. <span class=\"_5yl5\">If you already have a teacher using such a method, you may focus on engaging in class, but what if you don\u2019t have that kind of instructional opportunity?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In this article, I will do my best to help you, first by discussing some things you can do on your own, then by talking a little bit about teachers and courses.<\/p>\n<h3>How can comprehension-based learning help me as a student?<\/h3>\n<p>The big idea is to give yourself plenty of input you <b>enjoy<\/b> and can understand without painful struggle, both listening and reading. There is no need to stress about memorizing vocabulary &#8212; if your goal is Chinese proficiency, that is. If you are taking Chinese classes, you may need to keep up with other class expectations, too.<\/p>\n<p>But if you are learning Chinese on your own, there is no need to stress about grammar or rules. Learn about Chinese grammar if it interests you (the<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.allsetlearning.com\/chinese\/grammar\/\"> Chinese Grammar Wiki<\/a> is a good place for that), but know that it offers minimal benefit in terms of your listening comprehension, reading comprehension, speaking, and writing.<\/p>\n<h3>Some ideas for finding comprehensible input on your own<b> <\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Hacking Chinese has many posts about valuable sources of comprehensible input in Chinese (check the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/archive-2\/reading\/\">reading<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/archive-2\/listening\/\">listening<\/a> categories, or browse <a href=\"http:\/\/resources.hackingchinese.com\">Hacking Chinese Resources<\/a>), so I will not attempt to recreate the helpful information already shared here.<\/p>\n<p>Read graded readers at your level:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Olle has put together an excellent list of suggestions here in Hacking Chinese about extensive reading and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/introduction-extensive-reading-chinese-learners\/\">extensive reading and learner-friendly Chinese reading material<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Even earlier beginning-level reading material exists, now, too, designed by Chinese teachers <a href=\"https:\/\/tprsbooks.com\/?s=chinese&amp;post_type=product\">Terry Waltz<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ignitechinese.org\/shop\">Haiyun Lu<\/a> respectively. Their books are designed for high school and younger students, but they work for adults as well.There is also a collection of reading material free online at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ignitechinese.org\/home\/blog\">The Great Mandarin Reading Project<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>I wrote about <a href=\"http:\/\/tprsforchinese.blogspot.com\/2015\/06\/using-book-intensive-vs-extensive.html\">extensive reading<\/a> as well, including suggestions about <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\/blog\/2016\/10\/12\/learn-chinese-reading\/\">even-more-beginning-level materials<\/a> and an article about how teachers can use <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\/educator\/blog\/how-to-teach-mandarin-to-beginners\/\">simple stories<\/a> for beginning-level classes on.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Listen to graded listening content<\/h3>\n<p>Hacking Chinese has a number of good articles about <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/listen-before-you-read-improve-your-listening-ability\/\">developing listening comprehension<\/a>. It may be easier to find extensive reading material than it is to find sources of comprehensible listening material with lengths longer than a short podcast.<\/p>\n<p>One way to overcome the limited length of a lot of learner-friendly, graded listening content is to find several podcasts on the same topic. In that way, some words and phrases naturally are heard again in slightly different, but generally familiar, contexts. There are many rather short podcasts for listening, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/chinesepod.com\/\">Chinesepod.com<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/chinesepod-review\/\">review here<\/a>), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slow-chinese.com\/\">SlowChinese.com<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.thechairmansbao.com\/\">The Chairman\u2019s Bao<\/a>, all of which also provide transcripts. I am sure that there are others: if you have additional suggestions, please suggest them in comments.<\/p>\n<p>I also like <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fluentu.com\/chinese\/\">FluentU.com<\/a> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/review-fluentu-chinese\/\">review here<\/a>) videos for listening comprehension purposes: the visual cues of a video sometimes make listening material more easily understood than audio alone. In that respect, video might be a little more like in-person opportunities to hear Chinese, where you also have some visual cues to help you understand.<\/p>\n<p>For those with more advanced Chinese, of course, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/\">YouTube<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.youku.com\/\">Youku<\/a>, and other social media sites with video can be very helpful. Make use of the YouTube Settings feature that allows playing videos at .5 slower speed while retaining clear audio.<\/p>\n<p>If you are open to watching cartoons, <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/cNUEkNSrEn8?list=PLrNtFT8nfs94gyHDJQzdZHfd8Y15af72F\">Peppa Pig<\/a> in Mandarin has plenty of episodes available, a rather predictable plot, and quite high-frequency language overall since it is designed for young children with smaller vocabulary sizes.<\/p>\n<h3>Find a \u201clanguage parent\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>In Chris Lonsdale\u2019s TEDx talk, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=d0yGdNEWdn0\">\u201cHow to learn any language in six months<\/a>,\u201d he draws heavily on his successful experience with Mandarin Chinese. His suggested action #5 is to find a language parent: someone who is willing to speak more slowly with you, in simpler language, without making too much a fuss about errors you make unless they cannot tell what you meant.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes a \u201clanguage parent\u201d presents himself or herself as a person you visit regularly in a market or shop you visit often. You may also consider more directly asking for help from Chinese-speaking friends.<\/p>\n<p>Relationships that involve which language to speak can add complexity and even <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinosplice.com\/life\/archives\/2010\/05\/18\/language-power-struggles\">power struggles<\/a> at times; having some friends who are supportive of your Chinese language goals, and happy to adapt their Chinese to your level of comprehension, is a real gift.<\/p>\n<h3>Carefully\u2026 perhaps share ideas with your current tutor or teacher<\/h3>\n<p>This suggestion must really be done carefully, if the situation even allows. As a Chinese teacher myself, I find it a bit jarring if students ask for certain activities of their preference (though most often in K-12 classes, that means games of some kind or another).<\/p>\n<p>Of course, I want my students to be happy and enjoy class, but I also feel more informed than my students about language acquisition and how it works. So, I offer this suggestion with the caveat that you will need wisdom to see how or if to apply it to your own situation. If you have a tutor who asks for student input on how to use your time together, it will be easier.<\/p>\n<p>Remember to be culturally sensitive and allow your teacher to save face. A few years ago, I was part of a summer Chinese course in which students in another section appealed to the teacher for some changes to the course, and she made changes accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>Instead of directly confronting their teacher, they spoke to a third person who acted as a mediator with the teacher on their behalf. Not only was direct conflict between the teacher and students avoided, but the mediator was respected. His role included addressing the needs of students in our summer program. You may be able likewise to make some requests about activities you would like to do more in your classes or tutoring.<\/p>\n<h3>Increase your exposure to comprehensible input in the classroom<\/h3>\n<p>Perhaps one way to increase your exposure to comprehensible Chinese in class is to let your tutor or teacher know how much you appreciated activities that provided more of that, especially if you can offer details about how you sensed benefits<\/p>\n<p>Did you get a feel for the language in a deeper way? Could you intuitively grasp when and how you would want to say something that you used to confuse, simply through hearing and reading the language in several contexts? Did you notice your reading speed or listening speed increase?<\/p>\n<p>These factors may help a teacher who may not have theoretical reasons to emphasize comprehensible input to rely more on it simply for practical reasons, by seeing their students\u2019 growth and enjoyment. You may enjoy <a href=\"https:\/\/compellinginput.wordpress.com\/2016\/11\/13\/when-students-advocate-for-better-teaching\/\">the story of a professor who changed<\/a> teaching style in response to students\u2019 requests for change.<\/p>\n<p>If reading comprehensibility is an area of concern, an example may help native Chinese language teachers get a feel for how difficult reading can be for us non-native learners. Remember <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/benefits-comprehension-based-approach-teaching-learning-chinese\/\">in article two<\/a> where that 98% comprehensibility was mentioned as a guide for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sdkrashen.com\/content\/articles\/pac5.pdf\">extensive reading<\/a> to work well?<\/p>\n<p>John Pasden has made a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sinosplice.com\/life\/archives\/2016\/10\/13\/simulating-80-comprehension-in-chinese\">simulation of various levels of comprehensible reading designed for Chinese native speakers<\/a>. He used rarely seen, obsolete characters for the incomprehensible percentage of text. It is a brilliant way for Chinese people to feel what learners feel.<\/p>\n<p>At a language teacher conference in 2016, I attended a presentation which showed these examples. When we were shown the 80% comprehensible example, I overheard a native-speaking Chinese language teacher in the row ahead of me say, \u201cSo that\u2019s how painful it is for our students!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps there would be an opportunity to give your Chinese teacher <a href=\"http:\/\/www.allsetlearning.com\/news\/80%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E4%BD%A0%E6%83%B3%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A3%E4%B9%88%E5%A4%9A\/\">this link<\/a> if they are consistently expecting you to read material that has so many new words you end up spending a lot of time looking up words instead of understanding the flow of meaning in the reading. They may be more understanding of your needs.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Find a tutor or a class<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>As far as I know, there is no directory of Chinese teachers or classes that would directly help you find a teacher who emphasizes comprehension-based methods of teaching Chinese. I know of a few CI-based Mandarin language teachers who tutor online, and a beginning course in Mandarin available online through <a href=\"http:\/\/newstore.fluencyfast.com\/mandarin\">Fluency Fast<\/a>, which also offers in-person intensive classes and teacher training (mainly in the USA).<\/p>\n<p>However, if you cannot find tutors or teachers who describe their approach as comprehension-based, before engaging a tutor or enrolling in a class, you may be able to talk with the instructor about what they emphasize in class. Questions such as these, asked without any edge, may be helpful in understanding a teacher\u2019s approaches to instruction:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>What are some ways the class provides listening and reading comprehension?<\/strong> (If the answer is that students practice conversations from a textbook, so they hear each other speak and read, there is probably more emphasis on skill-building than on input.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>How are listening and reading comprehension supported and scaffolded in the class?<\/strong> (This questions seeks to understand how the teacher makes language comprehensible to the students.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Do students need always to speak in complete sentences? Does the teacher correct students and have them repeat correctly?<\/strong> (If the answer is yes to these questions, it is likely that the teacher feels accuracy is at least as important as communicative ability, and that error correction leads to accurate production.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Do students need to memorize lists of words for quizzes and tests? In what ways do students see and hear new vocabulary in context (like in stories or conversations)?<\/strong> (These questions seek to determine how new vocabulary is introduced: through rote memory, then contextualized practice speaking and writing, or through comprehension in context first, leading to word and phrase recognition and use by students.)<\/li>\n<li><strong>In what ways are students involved in determining the content of the class?<\/strong> (For example, is the curriculum fixed and based on a textbook, or is there some flexibility to adapt to students\u2019 interests or ideas?)<\/li>\n<li><strong>What kinds of speaking and writing does a student in my level of class do? What kinds of out-of-class assignments do students do?<\/strong> (These questions seek to understand how early and how much the teacher expects students to speak and write compared to listening and reading.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In a tutoring situation, regardless of the answers to the above questions, perhaps more important questions would be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Would it be possible to adapt instruction to my interest in getting a lot of listening and reading comprehension over practice speaking and writing?<\/li>\n<li>Can my speaking and writing be based on what I feel a need to say more of the time than practicing example conversations or making sentences with new words in writing before I gain a feel for how to use them?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>There is plenty more to say about comprehensible input and language acquisition as applied to Mandarin Chinese: techniques for use of Pinyin and characters, use of colors in text to reinforce tones visually, how to include culture and cultural knowledge, the role of real-life materials and how to use them productively, how to adapt to different ages and situations of students, and much more.<\/p>\n<p>In these articles, I&#8217;ve done my best to introduce you to comprehensible input and what it can do for you as a student or for your students if you&#8217;re teaching. There are plenty of links, too, so it shouldn&#8217;t be hard to find more if you want to. If you have questions, you can also leave a comment below!<\/p>\n<p><em>Diane Neubauer (\u675c\u96c1\u5b50)\uff0cis a Mandarin learner and teacher from the United States. She has been teaching Mandarin for ten years, with students from elementary school age through adults. She has a BA in East Asian Studies and an MA in Religion. In addition to teaching full-time at a high school, Diane is involved in teacher training and writing. You can find her blogging with other language teachers <a href=\"http:\/\/tprsforchinese.blogspot.com\/\">here<\/a> or on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCFtCASxFEa9ym88EUrWZxFQ\">her YouTube channel<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this third and final article, the focus is on how students can make their own learning comprehension-based, with or without a teacher. It draws from the principles and ideas of the previous articles and allows you to apply these to your own learning.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5,10,13,14,15,17],"tags":[139,859,860,1046,858,579,865],"class_list":["post-8999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advanced","category-beginner","category-intermediate","category-learning-in-class","category-learning-outside-class","category-listening","category-reading","tag-comprehensible-input","tag-comprehension-based-instruction","tag-diane-neubauer","tag-guest-post","tag-input","tag-teachers","tag-tprs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A student&#039;s guide to comprehension-based learning<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this third and final article, the focus is on how students can make their own learning comprehension-based, with or without a teacher. It draws from the principles and ideas of the previous articles and allows you to apply these to your own learning.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A student&#039;s guide to comprehension-based learning\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this third and final article, the focus is on how students can make their own learning comprehension-based, with or without a teacher. It draws from the principles and ideas of the previous articles and allows you to apply these to your own learning.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Hacking Chinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/HackingChinese\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-03-09T18:04:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-17T09:39:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ci-hc.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1264\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"834\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Olle Linge\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@HackingChinese\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@HackingChinese\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Olle Linge\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Olle Linge\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/fd696a7384c7de665cc9d67c15205b15\"},\"headline\":\"A student&#8217;s guide to comprehension-based learning\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-09T18:04:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-17T09:39:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2127,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/ci-hc.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Comprehensible input\",\"Comprehension-based instruction\",\"Diane Neubauer\",\"Guest post\",\"Input\",\"Teachers\",\"TPRS\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Advanced\",\"Beginner\",\"Intermediate\",\"Learning in class\",\"Learning outside class\",\"Listening\",\"Reading\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/\",\"name\":\"A student's guide to comprehension-based learning\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/students-guide-comprehension-based-learning\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.hackingchinese.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/03\\\/ci-hc.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-03-09T18:04:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-17T09:39:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"In this third and final article, the focus is on how students can make their own learning comprehension-based, with or without a teacher. 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