{"id":14737,"date":"2021-06-07T13:17:05","date_gmt":"2021-06-07T11:17:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/?p=14737"},"modified":"2022-01-04T13:13:38","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T12:13:38","slug":"lost-in-transcription-saylaw-ice-island-and-aristotle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/lost-in-transcription-saylaw-ice-island-and-aristotle\/","title":{"rendered":"Lost in transcription: Saylaw, Ice Island and Aristotle"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\u201cThat guy looks exactly like Saylaw!\u201d<br \/>\n\u201cLike who?\u201d<br \/>\n\u201cSaylaw, the football player, you know?\u201d<br \/>\n\u201cWho?<br \/>\n\u201cHe\u2019s one of the most famous players of all time! From Portugal, I\u2019m sure you know about him.\u201d<br \/>\n\u201cYou mean Ronaldo?\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-14746\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small-1024x476.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small-1024x476.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small-768x357.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small-1536x714.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-iceland-aristotle-small.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Understanding language requires you to extract information from what is said or written, then combine it with what you already know; reconciling the two is called comprehension.<\/p>\n<p>When learning a new language, this process is far from perfect and learners will often fail to extract some of the information available, sometimes most of it if the language is far above our level. Learning to read in Chinese presents a challenge, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/why-is-listening-in-chinese-so-hard\/\">listening is hard as well<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond the obvious challenges of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/my-best-advice-on-how-to-learn-chinese-characters\/\">learning characters<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/how-to-learn-to-hear-the-sounds-tones-in-mandarin\/\">learning to hear the sounds and tones<\/a>, you need to know <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/the-importance-of-knowing-many-words\/\">most of the words<\/a> used and you need grammatical structures to slot them into a framework to make sens of them.<\/p>\n<p><em>Tune in to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/podcast\/\">the Hacking Chinese Podcast<\/a> to listen to the related episode:<\/em><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/anchor.fm\/hackingchinese\/embed\/episodes\/44---Lost-in-transcription-Saylaw--Ice-Island-and-Aristotle-e12ahlf\" width=\"400px\" height=\"102px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<em>Available on <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/hacking-chinese-podcast\/id1536284827\">Apple Podcasts<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/podcasts?feed=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy8zODhlYjllOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw==\">Google Podcast<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/overcast.fm\/itunes1536284827\/hacking-chinese-podcast\">Overcast<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/5iCRv1jg3j3yJZGJlYVYaO\">Spotify<\/a> and many other platforms!<\/em><\/p>\n<p>However, there\u2019s more to it than that. Like I said above, to understand you also need to reconcile what someone says or writes with what you already know. Text or speech doesn\u2019t contain all the information you need to make sense of it, and so the writer or speaker counts on you knowing certain things in advance. This gives rise to a problem that is not unique for learners of Chines, but is certainly more serious than when learning languages more closely related to English.<\/p>\n<h3>Lost in transcription: Saylaw, Ice Island and Aristotle<\/h3>\n<p>Let\u2019s take a look at the dialogue shown at the beginning of the article again:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A: \u201cThat guy looks exactly like Saylaw!\u201d<br \/>\nB: \u201cLike who?\u201d<br \/>\nA: \u201cSaylaw, the football player, you know?\u201d<br \/>\nB: \u201cWho?<br \/>\nA: \u201cHe\u2019s one of the most famous players of all time! From Portugal, I\u2019m sure you know about him.\u201d<br \/>\nB: \u201cYou mean Ronaldo?\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This is a hypothetical but realistic breakdown in communication between a Chinese speaker (person A) and an English speaker (person B). It could also have been in Chinese, again with the Chinese speaker first and the other person being a second language learner. I recorded this dialogue in Chinese for the podcast episode; <a href=\"https:\/\/anchor.fm\/hackingchinese\/episodes\/44---Lost-in-transcription-Saylaw--Ice-Island-and-Aristotle-e12ahlf\">check it out here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>A: \u90a3\u4e2a\u7537\u751f\u957f\u5f97\u8ddfC\u7f57\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u8036\uff01<br \/>\n<i>N\u00e0ge n\u00e1nsh\u0113ng zh\u01ceng de g\u0113n S\u0113ilu\u00f3 y\u00ecm\u00fay\u00edy\u00e0ng y\u0113!\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p>B: \u8ddf\u8c01\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\uff1f<br \/>\n<i>G\u0113n sh\u00e9i y\u00ecm\u00fay\u00edy\u00e0ng?<\/i><\/p>\n<p>A: C\u7f57\uff0c\u8e22\u8db3\u7403\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u554a\uff01<br \/>\n<i>S\u0113ilu\u00f3, t\u012b z\u00faqi\u00fa de n\u00e0ge a!\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p>B: \u8c01\uff1f<br \/>\n<i>Sh\u00e9i?<\/i><\/p>\n<p>A: \u4f60\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u4ed6\u662f\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u7403\u661f\u554a\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f60\u80af\u5b9a\u77e5\u9053\uff01<br \/>\n<i>N\u01d0 b\u00f9 zh\u012bdao ma? T\u0101 sh\u00ec xi\u00e0nz\u00e0i zu\u00ec y\u01d2um\u00edng de qi\u00fax\u012bng a, P\u00fat\u00e1oy\u00e1 de n\u00e0ge\u00a0 n\u01d0 k\u011bnd\u00ecng zh\u012bdao!<\/i><\/p>\n<p>B: \u4f60\u662f\u8bf4Ronaldo\u5417\uff1f<br \/>\n<i>N\u01d0 sh\u00ec shu\u014d Ronaldo ma?\u00a0<\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at what happened here and then zoom out to the more general problem. The Portuguese football player Cristiano Ronaldo is usually called \u201cC\u7f57\u201d in Chinese (rendered as \u201cSaylaw\u201d in the dialogue to approximate how most Chinese people would pronounce it, although \u201cSeelaw\u201d is maybe more common in Taiwan). If you\u2019ve never heard it before, it\u2019s very unlikely that you realise that C\u7f57 refers to Ronaldo.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-14740\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ronaldo.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>On the face of it, the name looks weird, so let\u2019s have a closer look before we continue. There are many football players called Ronaldo (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ronaldo\">Wikipedia lists a whooping eleven<\/a>), so using the first letter in his personal name and then \u7f57 (<i>lu\u00f3<\/i>) as short for Ronaldo makes sense: C\u7f57.<\/p>\n<h3>Different languages, different labels<\/h3>\n<p>The reason communication broke down in the example above is that even though both people clearly knew who Cristiano Ronaldo is, they used names for him that were different enough that the listener was unable to draw on prior knowledge to make sense of the utterance.<\/p>\n<p>The learner is lost in transcription, which is what this article is about. It could be argued that the same is true for words in general, but while everybody knows that words are different in different languages, people often don&#8217;t realise that even something like a person&#8217;s name can vary too.<\/p>\n<p>This problem is common for people learning Chinese in two ways:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>A Chinese person refers to something you think you don&#8217;t know what it is,<\/strong> but you then realise that you actually do know, it&#8217;s just that the names were different enough that you were unable to make the connection. This is the C\u7f57 example from the dialogue.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>When speaking Chinese yourself, you refer to a name in English or another non-Chinese language, and the Chinese person you&#8217;re talking with doesn&#8217;t understand what you mean<\/strong>, even though they would have if you had used the right name in Chinese. This would be the case if you said &#8220;Ronaldo&#8221; when a Chinese person only knew about &#8220;C\u7f57&#8221;, even though this is probably less likely than the reverse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This is Hacking Chinese, so while this problem exists between languages in general, I\u2019m going to focus on Chinese, and mostly from the perspective of second language learners like myself.<\/p>\n<h3>Foreign names in Chinese<\/h3>\n<p>The rendering of foreign names in Chinese differs a lot more than in many other languages because of the fact that Mandarin doesn\u2019t have all that many syllables and that characters with a fixed pronunciation are used to write the names. This leads to the same type of pronunciation problem that I discussed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/why-learning-chinese-pronunciation-by-using-english-words-is-a-really-bad-idea\/\">another article about why you shouldn&#8217;t think of Chinese pronunciation in terms of English words, or vice versa<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"5n0AY5IykH\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/why-learning-chinese-pronunciation-by-using-english-words-is-a-really-bad-idea\/\">Why learning Chinese pronunciation by using English words is a really bad idea<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Why learning Chinese pronunciation by using English words is a really bad idea&#8221; &#8212; Hacking Chinese\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/why-learning-chinese-pronunciation-by-using-english-words-is-a-really-bad-idea\/embed\/#?secret=3cTdW025Oh#?secret=5n0AY5IykH\" data-secret=\"5n0AY5IykH\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>So, foreign names rendered in Chinese often do not make sense to second language learners just by looking at them. This is not always the case, of course, and you can often guess what a name refers to even the first time you encounter it.<\/p>\n<p>If someone says that they love the music of \u8d1d\u591a\u82ac (<i>b\u00e8idu\u014df\u0113n<\/i>) and you fail to realise it\u2019s about the old Ludwig van, then that\u2019s on you, because <i>b\u00e8idu\u014df\u0113n <\/i>really does sound quite similar to Beethoven. Likewise, if a person says they work in \u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c (<i>b\u0101n\u00e1m\u01ce<\/i>), you need to be very close-minded to fail to figure out that that&#8217;s Panama.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s worth noting here that cases that really don\u2019t make any sense usually entered Chinese via some other topolect than Mandarin and therefore only make sense in that variety of Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>For example, my native country Sweden is called \u745e\u5178 (<i>ru\u00ecdi\u01cen<\/i>) in Mandarin, which makes more sense when you see that it\u2019s <i>seoi<\/i><i><sup>6<\/sup><\/i><i>din<\/i><i><sup>2<\/sup><\/i> in Cantonese. That\u2019s pretty close to how Sweden is pronounced in English. In Mandarin, those characters are pronounced <i>ru\u00ecdi\u01cen<\/i>, which is not as good.\u00a0 This is quite common.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to learn more about how names are transcribed into Chinese, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transcription_into_Chinese_characters\">this page over at Wikipedia is a good start<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Nigeria? Never heard of it! Oh, you mean N\u00edr\u00ecl\u00ecy\u00e0?<\/h3>\n<p>When speaking Chinese, you can also run into the opposite problem, so if you say \u201cBeethoven\u201d with German (or English) pronunciation in the middle of a Chinese sentence about music, it\u2019s likely that Chinese people will understand what you mean, provided they know about Beethoven. Same thing with Panama pronounced in Spanish (or English).<\/p>\n<p>However, this doesn\u2019t always work. Actually, it rarely works unless the person you\u2019re speaking with is cosmopolitan enough to be used to talking to foreigners like you. This can be quite frustrating at times.<\/p>\n<p>Even though it sounds silly, you can sometimes sinicise the name on the fly and make it work. For example, if you say \u201cNigeria\u201d in English in the middle of a Chinese sentence, people might not understand you. How can you make it sound more Chinese? Try to say it using only valid syllables in Mandarin before reading on.<\/p>\n<p>If we go by English pronunciation, <i>ni ji ri ya<\/i>, perhaps? All those are valid syllables in Chinese and it sounds like Nigeria, or at least it does to me.<\/p>\n<p>The actual answer is \u5c3c\u65e5\u5229\u4e9a (<i>n\u00edr\u00ecl\u00ecy\u00e0<\/i>), but I think it\u2019s not unreasonable to assume that your version might work in context. The official name in Taiwanese Mandarin is actually \u5948\u53ca\u5229\u4e9e (<i>n\u00e0ij\u00edl\u00ecy\u00e0<\/i>), which is even closer.<\/p>\n<p>Naturally, this will not always work, but I know from personal experience that my made-up Chinese versions of place names are sometimes more likely to be understood than their English equivalents. If you&#8217;ve studied Chinese for a while, you will have also built up a natural feel for how languages are transcribed. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transcription_into_Chinese_characters#Transcription_table\">Or you can just look it up<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>There being several different names in Chinese is also common, especially for recently introduced names, such as those of films, celebrities and so on. This can even confuse native speakers. For example, the Pixar film <i>Up! <\/i>Is called \u98de\u5c4b\u73af\u6e38\u8bb0 in mainland China, \u6c96\u5929\u6551\u5175 in Hong Kong and \u5929\u5916\u5947\u8e5f in Taiwan. Good luck figuring that out on the fly in a conversation about animated films!<\/p>\n<h3>Aristotle,\u00a0Y\u00e0l\u01d0sh\u00ecdu\u014dd\u00e9 and Aristot\u00e9l\u0113s<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-14741\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle-832x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle-832x1024.jpg 832w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle-768x945.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle-1248x1536.jpg 1248w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/aristotle.jpg 1560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>This is maybe a good time to talk about who\u2019s right and who\u2019s wrong when it comes to names. Who decides what something should be called?<\/p>\n<p>In practice, speakers of a language call foreign things whatever they want. They certainly don\u2019t consult speakers of the foreign language to see what they think, and definitely don&#8217;t care about what second language learners think!<\/p>\n<p>However, I want to point out that it\u2019s very Anglocentric to assume that the version we use in English is the \u201ccorrect\u201d one, unless we\u2019re talking about a name originally in English.<\/p>\n<p>If we\u2019re talking about internationally famous people or places whose names are not in English, the English name is sometimes different enough that it would cause problems for language learners, similar to the problems we&#8217;re talking about when learning Chinese.<\/p>\n<p>Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n<p><strong>English: Aristotle<\/strong><br \/>\nAncient Greek: Aristot\u00e9l\u0113s<br \/>\nChinese: \u4e9a\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7 (<i>y\u00e0l\u01d0sh\u00ecdu\u014dd\u00e9<\/i>)<br \/>\nSwedish: Aristoteles<\/p>\n<p><strong>English: Germany<\/strong><br \/>\nGerman: Deutschland<br \/>\nChinese: \u5fb7\u56fd (<i>d\u00e9gu\u00f3<\/i>), short for \u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd<br \/>\nSwedish: Tyskland<\/p>\n<p><strong>English: Japan<\/strong><br \/>\nJapanese: \u65e5\u672c (nihon)<br \/>\nChinese: \u65e5\u672c (r\u00ecb\u011bn)<br \/>\nSwedish: Japan<\/p>\n<p><strong>English: Sweden<br \/>\n<\/strong>Swedish: Sverige<br \/>\nCantonese: \u745e\u5178 (<i>seoi<\/i><i><sup>6<\/sup><\/i><i>din<\/i><i><sup>2<\/sup><\/i>)<br \/>\nMandarin: \u745e\u5178 (<i>ru\u00ecdi\u01cen)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>As you can see, names can be very complicated, especially when they aren&#8217;t even taken directly from the source language, but is passed through one or more intermediary languages, as in the case with the word for Sweden in Chinese.<\/p>\n<h3>Lost in transcription<\/h3>\n<p>Let\u2019s zoom out a bit. The reason that all this can cause problems when communicating is that we use names all the time, often counting on the other person to immediately recognise who or what they refer to and why we are mentioning them. This is so natural that most of us don\u2019t really think about it.<\/p>\n<p>The problem only becomes apparent when the labelling is so different in two languages that we fail to make the right connection, even though we actually know about the person or place named.<\/p>\n<p>This almost never happens in one&#8217;s native language or when learning related languages, but it does happen when learning in Chinese. It&#8217;s happened to me hundreds of times and expect that it&#8217;s happened to you as well, so please <a href=\"\/#comments\">leave a comment below<\/a> if it has!<\/p>\n<p>Listening and reading comprehension require you to be able to access information stored in long-term memory, sometimes information related to how the world works, sometimes called \u201cworld knowledge\u201d. This knowledge is hard or impossible to access if the link has a different label.<\/p>\n<p>Naturally, in a friendly conversation like the dialogue above, this just leads to an interesting discussion (and in this particular case, what I hope you found to be an interesting article). After some probing, the correct links are established and everybody learns something and has a good laugh.<\/p>\n<p>Most of the time, though, problems like this are not apparent. The most likely result is that you as a learner just fail to understand something, without even knowing why. Or the result might be that you appear less educated than you are because you don\u2019t make the right connections when the labels are different.<\/p>\n<h3>How to navigate the labyrinth of names and labels<\/h3>\n<p>This problem is not something that goes away with a quick dose of immersion or a bunch of flashcards either. Think about how many names you\u2019ve learnt throughout your life, not least in school: countries, politicians, cities, historical figures, mountains, celebrities, companies, books, films and so on.<\/p>\n<p>This is not something you relearn overnight. You now know of C\u7f57, but even if I think you might be able to guess who \u5c0f\u7f57 is, would you have been able to catch that in a conversation?<\/p>\n<p>Still, if despair was the only option, I probably wouldn\u2019t have written this article. I think there are three practical take-aways here:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>If you speak with a second language learner of your native language and they don\u2019t know about a person or place<\/strong> you think they really ought to, keep in mind that maybe they do know, they\u2019ve just stored that knowledge under a different label and can&#8217;t access it. If you talk to an educated Chinese person and mention Aristotle, they certainly know who he is, but maybe not your way of naming him. Being aware of this problem, the correct approach would be to probe further. Just like in the dialogue we looked at, providing extra context helps.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-14742\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland-300x181.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland-1024x619.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland-768x464.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland-1536x929.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/iceland.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>If you refer to a non-Chinese name when speaking Chinese and it doesn\u2019t work,<\/strong> at least try making it sound Chinese. This might feel silly, but it really does work sometimes (see the Nigeria example above). Naturally, it doesn\u2019t work at all for things that have old names in Chinese (Tokyo in Chinese is \u4e1c\u4eac, <i>d\u014dngj\u012bng<\/i>) or things that just happen to have been translated rather than transliterated (Iceland in Chinese is not \u7231\u65af\u84dd, <i>\u00e0is\u012bl\u00e1n<\/i>, but \u51b0\u5c9b, <i>b\u012bngd\u01ceo<\/i>, literally \u201cice island\u201d).<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><strong>If you\u2019re serious about learning Chinese, you need to educate yourself in Chinese.<\/strong> I don\u2019t mean the Chinese language itself, I mean how the world is talked about in Chinese. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/866-digital-textbooks-for-expanding-your-chinese\/\">Study Chinese textbooks<\/a>, listen to Chinese people talking about the word, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/learning-science-in-chinese-with-liyonglelaoshi\/\">learn science<\/a>, history and other things in Chinese. Listen to news programs and talk shows. Apart from being generally useful and good for your Chinese, this will also help you out with names.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I have experienced the type of breakdown in communication that this article countless times when interacting with Chinese people, and you have seen some of the examples I\u2019ve encountered.<\/p>\n<p>What names have baffled you? What are some situations where differences in names have cause communication to break down for you? I\u2019m sure there are plenty of great stories out there, and I would be delighted if you shared yours<a href=\"\/#comments\"> in the comments below<\/a>!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Names of people and places can be quite different in different languages, sometimes so different that it causes headaches for second language learners. Do you know the world&#8217;s best footballer, Saylaw? What about Y\u00e0l\u01d0sh\u00ecdu\u014dd\u00e9? Or are you lost in transcription too?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5,6,9,10,15,17,21,1,22],"tags":[1111,1109,1108,1100,624,1110],"class_list":["post-14737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advanced","category-beginner","category-distinctively-chinese","category-immersion-and-integration","category-intermediate","category-listening","category-reading","category-speaking","category-uncategorised","category-vocabulary","tag-communiacation","tag-labels","tag-names","tag-podcast-episode","tag-translation","tag-translitteration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lost in transcription: Saylaw, Ice Island and Aristotle<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Names of people and places can be quite different in different languages, sometimes so different that it causes headaches for second language learners. 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