{"id":13018,"date":"2020-08-19T22:15:52","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T20:15:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/?p=13018"},"modified":"2024-02-11T15:40:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-11T14:40:19","slug":"review-the-outlier-linguistics-dictionary-of-chinese-characters-with-discount-code","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/review-the-outlier-linguistics-dictionary-of-chinese-characters-with-discount-code\/","title":{"rendered":"Review: The Outlier  Dictionary of Chinese Characters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/pages\/chinese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-13021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials.jpg 1728w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chinese characters are both loved and dreaded at the same time. Some people start learning Chinese mostly because of the beautiful characters, but the fact that you need to learn thousands of them to become literate in Chinese can be daunting as well.<\/p>\n<p>The challenge also shifts in nature over time. As a beginner, you might struggle with stroke order, basic components and the structure of characters, but this problem grows less serious as you learn more.<\/p>\n<p>I have studied Chinese for thirteen years now, and I can tell you that I still spend time learning characters, even if I know almost all the components and stroke order is automatic. The challenge is there, but it&#8217;s not the same as it was when I started learning.<\/p>\n<p>I know maybe 5,000 characters passively, and I seldom encounter characters I don\u2019t know, at least when reading ordinary text in a modern context. The problem for me, and most other advanced learners (and indeed native speakers), is that when writing, we mix characters up, choose the wrong sound component or just plain forget how to even start (extra embarrassing as a teacher).<\/p>\n<p>In this article, I will introduce and recommend a resource for helping you make sense of Chinese characters that I have been using for years, but before I do that, I want to provide some background. However, feel free to navigate this article as you see fit. Here&#8217;s what I will discuss:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#whatyouneed\">What you need to learn Chinese characters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#intro\">Introduction of Outlier Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#awesome\">Why the Outlier Dictionary is awesome<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#contents\">Outlier Linguistics Dictionary contents<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#essentials\">Outlier Linguistics Dictionary Essentials edition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#expert\">Outlier Linguistics Dictionary expert edition<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#improvement\">Room for improvement<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#more\">More products from Outlier Linguistics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#interview\">Interview with Ash Henson from Outlier Linguistics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a name=\"whatyouneed\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>What you need to learn Chinese characters<\/h3>\n<p>Regardless if you\u2019re a beginner or an advanced learner, I think there are two things you need to do to learn Chinese characters successfully, provided you\u2019re not willing to spend a few thousand hours on mindless handwriting practice.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You need to understand Chinese characters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You need to do constant but low-intensity reviewing<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Let me explain these briefly. The first item should be obvious to anyone who knows anything about cognitive psychology and learning: Understanding makes learning easier.<\/p>\n<p>Studying something you don\u2019t understand is hard because you\u2019re resigned to learning superficial facts, without having access to the deeper structure that leads to those superficial forms. It\u2019s like learning the names of muscles without having a skeleton to attach them to. The more things make sense, the easier they are to learn and remember.<\/p>\n<p>The second thing you need to learn Chinese characters is constant but low-intensity effort. This is straightforward too, but sometimes misunderstood by new learners. Learning Chinese characters is not hard because it requires a herculean effort over a short period, it\u2019s hard because it requires low-intensity studying and reviewing over a long time. I believe that the best way to learn and maintain characters long-term is to use spaced repetition apps specifically aimed at Chinese characters, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/skritter-review-boosting-your-character-learning\/\">but since I have already covered this in another article<\/a>, I will move on to understanding characters.<br \/>\n<a name=\"intro\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Review: Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13023\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier.jpg 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Today, we\u2019re going to look closer at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/a>, which is the best available resource for finding reliable and clear information about Chinese characters as a student.<\/p>\n<p>It is a once-off investment that will pay off handsomely over the entirety of your Chinese-learning experience. With the discount code \u201chacking25\u201d (without quotation marks), you\u2019ll get 25% off <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">anything from Outlier Linguistics<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If you find something interesting on their site, please use the links in this article, as that also helps support Hacking Chinese and enables me to keep writing free articles (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/archive-2\/\">there are currently more than 500 of them<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>Outlier Linguistic Dictionary: Your guide to understanding Chinese characters<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13022\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei.png 825w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>As I said in the introduction, the Chinese writing system is much more complex than people who haven\u2019t learnt it often think. The amount of information you need to internalise to make sense of it is huge.<\/p>\n<p>And here many students encounter a problem: Out of all the resources available for learning Chinese characters, whom should you trust? Who provides enough information for you to learn the characters, presented in a way that also makes sense and is easy to access?<\/p>\n<p>Most beginners simply rely on what their teachers recommend or what they can find by searching online. This can vary wildly from not even breaking characters down into components, to reasonably good resources talking about sound and meaning in Chinese characters.<\/p>\n<p>If you don\u2019t know what I\u2019m talking about, you should probably check my twin articles about phonetic components, without which you can\u2019t hope to make sense of much when it comes to Chinese characters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/phonetic-components-part-1-the-key-to-80-of-all-chinese-characters\/\">Phonetic components, part 1: The key to 80% of all Chinese characters<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/phonetic-components-part-2-hacking-chinese-characters\/\">Phonetic components, part 2: Hacking Chinese characters<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I started learning Chinese characters on my own after finding a site called <a href=\"http:\/\/zhongwen.com\/\">Zhongwen.com<\/a>, mostly by chance. It\u2019s still there, even if the interface looks like it\u2019s from the 90s. It certainly fails the test of being easy to access and I have since also learnt that some of the information is not reliable. It was better than most, though, because it does at least talk about sound components.<\/p>\n<p>The resources you will find by searching online are often built on open-source dictionary databases, that are adequate for listing basic definitions, but far from enough to understand Chinese characters. The problem with all these resources is that they rely on programmatically retrieved information, and characters are split into components by a computer with no understanding of what it\u2019s doing.<br \/>\n<a name=\"awesome\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Enter: The Outlier Linguistic Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-13025\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier-300x169.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mei-outlier.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>This is why the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters is such an essential addition to the range of tools available for language learners and teachers.<\/p>\n<p>It solves one of the problems with learning characters, namely that of finding reliable information that is up-to-date with current research on Chinese characters, and is easily accessible in English through a modern interface. No other resource can claim this, which is why the dictionary was so warmly welcomed by experts, teachers and students alike.<\/p>\n<p>Here are quotes from three people I respect a lot when it comes to Chinese language teaching:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Every so often a really good resource comes along. It&#8217;s The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8211; Prof. Victor Mair, University of Pennsylvania<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>I feel like I have a virtual 1-on-1 Chinese teacher, giving me a better sense of how the writing system functions.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8211; Dr. David Moser, Yenching Academy, Peking University<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p>They have put a lot of thought into how foreigners learn Chinese, and they\u2019ve come up with a better way to learn characters.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">&#8211; John Pasden, AllSet Learning &amp; Mandarin Companion<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>You might think that any service can find endorsements like these (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">quoted from their website<\/a>), but this is a rare case of there being an absence being filled by a new service, one that has been eagerly anticipated for years. While I don\u2019t think Outlier Linguistics offer a new way of learning as such, they do offer uniquely high-quality resources that certainly aren\u2019t easily accessible elsewhere. In essence, they take current academic research into Chinese characters and turn it into a digestible format students can chew.<\/p>\n<p>Here is how Outlier analyses characters:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13049\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-components-chart-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"contents\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Review: Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters: Contents<\/h3>\n<p>So, what is the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters?<\/p>\n<p>What does it contain? What features does it have? What makes it so awesome?<\/p>\n<p>One question at a time!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-13026\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco-539x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco-539x1024.jpg 539w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco-158x300.jpg 158w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco-768x1458.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco-809x1536.jpg 809w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco-1079x2048.jpg 1079w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/outlier-in-pleco.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters is a character dictionary available as a paid add-on to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/pleco\/\">Pleco<\/a>, a free dictionary app for iOS and Android. If you don\u2019t know about Pleco, you should install it immediately, even if you\u2019re not interested in the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a clean, modern dictionary app that more or less everybody agrees is the best available. It also has a myriad of other features and add-ons, but that\u2019s the topic of another review.<\/p>\n<p>The point here is that the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters is available through Pleco, so you don\u2019t need to install an extra app for it and you don\u2019t need to rely on a poorly developed extra app.<\/p>\n<p>The Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters contains detailed analyses of Chinese characters, including the most basic information about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/why-you-should-think-of-characters-in-terms-of-functional-components\/\">functional components<\/a>, explaining why each character looks the way it does and what functions the components have.<\/p>\n<p>Each entry is manually created by the Outlier team, with deep knowledge and up-to-date information about Chinese characters. No automatically generated breakdowns based on superficial forms!<\/p>\n<p>There are two versions of the dictionary:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-13021\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/essentials-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">The essentials edition ($29.99, save $7.5 by using the discount code \u201chacking25\u201d)<\/a><\/b> contains the most basic information about functional components and the origin of characters. At the moment of writing, it contains more than 2,700 characters. Since this dictionary is constantly updated, this number will increase in future, and as long as you have bought the dictionary, you will automatically get access to future updates.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><b>The expert edition ($59.99, save $15 by using the discount code \u201chacking25\u201d)<\/b><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-13027 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/expert-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a> contains, as the name implies, more in-depth knowledge that might not be strictly necessary to know for beginners but is nevertheless both interesting and useful for those with a deeper interest, including teachers who need to know a bit more than they teach their students. At the moment of writing, there are 135 entries, but this number is also set to rise steadily over time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i>Product information and prices above are as listed in August 2020.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>These dictionaries are one-time purchases, not subscriptions, so if you spend the next three years learning Chinese (but hopefully longer), the essentials edition will cost you only roughly $0.02\/day.<\/p>\n<p>I have used the dictionary on a nearly daily basis for many years, so I feel qualified to talk about using it as both a student and a teacher, so let\u2019s have a closer look at what the dictionary looks like and what it has to offer. You can check a live demo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">on Outlier Linguistics\u2019 website<\/a> (just click \u201cDemo\u201d in the top navigation bar), which shows you examples without the need to buy or install anything.<br \/>\n<a name=\"essentials\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>A detailed look at the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/h3>\n<p>According to the official website, the Essentials Edition contains the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4000+ characters (2000 so far + regular updates)<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simplified and Traditional characters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Detailed explanation for every character<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stroke order for all 4000 characters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meaning tree for every character: how are all the meanings related to each other?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ancient forms for all semantic components<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But what does this mean? What makes this worth paying for, when so much of this can, at least as it seems at first, be found online for free?<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s look at a typical entry, here for \u957f (\u9577):<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-13028 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1-173x300.jpg 173w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1-590x1024.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1-768x1333.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang1-885x1536.jpg 885w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>While this might look basic, the fact that an expert in Chinese characters wrote it manually matters a lot. It\u2019s not a one-line basic definition, it\u2019s an actual explanation with cited references (although not shown in the image). I also love the fact that the simplification process is highlighted here, saying that \u957f is shorthand for \u9577. This might not be very hard to see in some cases, but I learnt a lot from such entries. I only made sense of simplified \u4e70 (\u8cb7) after seeing this:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13029\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1750\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai-185x300.jpg 185w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai-632x1024.jpg 632w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai-768x1244.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/mai-948x1536.jpg 948w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>One aspect that I particularly like is the explanations of derived meaning. In most dictionaries, you will simply have all meanings associated with a character listed in a row, maybe sorted by importance, maybe not. In the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters, the derivation is laid out in a clear and easy-to-understand order. First, you get the original meaning of the character, then each derived meaning is shown with various kinds of arrows. Here is \u957f (\u9577) again:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13030\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2-639x1024.jpg 639w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2-768x1232.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/chang2-958x1536.jpg 958w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>For native speakers and advanced learners, this might be obvious in many cases, but not always. Forums and question sites focusing on Chinese are filled with questions like \u201cHow come that character A means B when it depicts C?\u201d or \u201cWhy does character X mean both Y and Z, which seem completely unrelated to me?\u201d Showing the derivation, along with the basic explanation of the character I talked about above, this type of question can almost always be answered by the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary.<\/p>\n<h3>How useful is it to learn about character origins and evolution?<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/5-levels-of-understanding-chinese-characters-superficial-forms-to-deep-structure\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-11594\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/2020-02-25-17.11.33-300x285.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"285\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/2020-02-25-17.11.33-300x285.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/2020-02-25-17.11.33.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>A question that many students ask when it comes to knowledge about characters is how helpful it really is. This is a good question because time spent learning about the origin and evolution of a character doesn\u2019t necessarily have a direct, positive impact on your ability to read and write characters. It probably does have a long-term impact, though.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/5-levels-of-understanding-chinese-characters-superficial-forms-to-deep-structure\/\">In a recent article, I outlined five levels of understanding<\/a>, summarised as follows:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventing pictures that disregard the composition and structure of characters<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Creating stories and associations that obscure functional components<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using superficial pictures while being aware of functional components<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using superficial pictures and encoding functional components<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Etymologically correct mnemonics with no shortcuts<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Many students (and, perish the thought, teachers) stay on level one, which is extremely bad in the long run. By disregarding the actual components and structure of the characters, you might make it easier to learn one single character, but you can not use anything of what you learnt to learn more characters later, and you didn&#8217;t learn anything about how Chinese characters actually work.<\/p>\n<p>Level two is also a common level of understanding for many students, but this is less problematic. The problem is that if you&#8217;re not aware of how functional components work, you can create mnemonics that hinder you from understanding how characters work. This is particularly bad in methods that focus on character meaning only, disregarding sound completely.<\/p>\n<p>I suggest that students strive to reach level 3 or 4, depending on their interest in Chinese characters. To do this, you need reliable information about how characters work and a dictionary that tells you what the functional components are. This is what the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary Essentials Edition is about.<\/p>\n<p>Level 5 is overkill for almost anyone and might be detrimental to learning. I think many believe that experts like the guys at Outlier don&#8217;t like creative mnemonics that wander far from the real etymology of the characters, but as Ash says <a href=\"#interview\">in the interview further down<\/a>, this is not true.<\/p>\n<p>But back to the dictionary. If everything you need is in the essentials edition, then what is the expert edition good for?<br \/>\n<a name=\"expert\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>A closer look at the expert edition<\/h3>\n<p>The expert edition contains everything the essentials edition does, of course, and beyond that, it adds \u201cextensive information about the origin, evolution, and other historical information for every character\u201d. Note that this is a work in progress, and while there are many entries in the Essentials edition, there are currently only 135 expert entries. This prioritisation makes sense, of course, as the Essentials edition will benefit many more students to a higher degree.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13031 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/expert-details.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"781\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/expert-details.jpeg 781w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/expert-details-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/expert-details-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/expert-details-768x769.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Personally, I find this information interesting, but I don\u2019t think that the average student needs it or that spending too much time digging into the history of characters is a wise choice if you want to see rapid vocabulary growth. Sure, for those of us who have been learning for a while or who teach the language, it\u2019s a great resource, but it\u2019s not necessary for the average student.<br \/>\n<a name=\"improvement\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Room for improvement<\/h3>\n<p>While I believe that the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese Characters is truly indispensable for students and teachers who care about Chinese characters, there\u2019s always room for improvement.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-18046 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/room-for-improvement-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/room-for-improvement-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/room-for-improvement-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/room-for-improvement-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/room-for-improvement.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>The most obvious one is that this is a work in progress. While 2,700 characters in the Essentials edition is a lot and will cover the needs of many students, it remains true that if you\u2019ve learnt Chinese for a while and struggle with rarer characters, there\u2019s a significant risk that the character has yet to be added to the dictionary.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re a fairly advanced learner and want to look up new characters, likely, they haven&#8217;t been added yet, especially if you go beyond the most common 2,000. If you&#8217;re after the truly detailed explanations of the expert entries, you need to actively look for entries that have expert info at all.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, updates to the dictionary are always made available to all users, so even if you purchase the dictionary today (or indeed a few years ago), you\u2019ll get access to new entries as they are released. If this was a subscription service, that would be a reason to delay, but it\u2019s not a subscription, so the earlier you buy it, the more helpful it will be.<\/p>\n<p>Another drawback as I see it is that the meaning of sound components are not introduced. The idea behind this is solid enough: The meaning of the sound component has nothing to do with the meaning of the character in question, so it\u2019s irrelevant. In cases where it is relevant, such as when a component is both a semantic component and a phonetic component, it is of course explained.<\/p>\n<p>However, when I create mnemonics for easy-to-forget characters, I want to know what all the components mean. Creating mnemonics based on a sound is very hard and not very helpful in remembering how to write the character.<\/p>\n<p>For example, it\u2019s great to know that the sound component of \u639b is \u5366, but simply saying that is not enough to create my mnemonic. I need to know what \u5366 means to be able to create a good mnemonic for it! Tapping the character gives a pop-up with other Pleco entries for that character, which is a good solution in the meantime.<br \/>\n<a name=\"more\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Other products from Outlier Linguistics<\/h3>\n<p>Outlier Linguistics offer a wide range of products for people interested in Chinese or China. I have not tried all these myself, so I can\u2019t vouch for every single one personally, but based on what I have seen and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/?s=outlier+review\">the products that I have reviewed<\/a>, these guys have done their homework and know what they\u2019re doing. In case they do not, they collaborate with people who do.<\/p>\n\n<p>The discount code mentioned above, <strong>\u201chacking25\u201d<\/strong>, is valid for everything they offer, and as noted before using my links will help support Hacking Chinese and my effort to make Mandarin easier to learn for all!<\/p>\n\n<strong>Chinese characters and reading (view all products, including bundles, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">here<\/a>)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li data-wp-editing=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/how-to-learn-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><strong>Outlier Chinese Character Masterclass<\/strong><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-18022\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-chinese-chraacter-masterclass-product-1-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><strong>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/outlier-dictionary-of-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Outlier Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/chinese-news-bootcamp?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Chinese News Bootcamp<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/chinese-cursive-crash-course?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Chinese Cursive Crash Course<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/outlier-semantic-components-poster?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Semantic Components Posters\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>Mandarin pronunciation and speaking (view all products, including bundles, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/mandarin-pronunciation?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">here<\/a>)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/get-speaking-mandarin-course?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Get Speaking Mandarin Course<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/mandarin-pronunciation?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-13035 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/pronunciationaccent-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong>\n<\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/outlier-mandarin-pronunciation-accent-masterclass?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Outlier Mandarin Pronunciation &amp; Accent Masterclass<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/intro-to-mandarin-pronunciation-pinyin?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Intro to Mandarin Pronunciation &amp; Pinyin<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>Chinese history, literature and culture (view all products, including bundles, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese-history-culture?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">here<\/a>)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/intro-to-premodern-chinese-literature?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Introduction to Premodern Chinese Literature<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese-history-culture?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-18028 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-early-chinese-scholar-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-early-chinese-scholar-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-early-chinese-scholar-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-early-chinese-scholar.png 690w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/chinese-news-bootcamp?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Chinese News Bootcamp<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/philosophy-and-practice-in-early-china?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><strong>Philosophy and Practice in Early China<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/early-china-history-culture-archeology?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Early China: History, Culture, and Archeology<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>Classical and Literary Chinese (view all products, including bundles, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/classical-literary-chinese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">here<\/a>)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/intro-literary-classical-chinese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-18029\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-literatus-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-literatus-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-literatus-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-literatus.png 690w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>Introduction to Classical\/Literary Chinese<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/intermediate-classical-literary-chinese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Intermediate Classical\/Literary Chinese<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/advanced-classical-literary-chinese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Advanced Classical\/Literary Chinese<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>Japanese Kanji (view all products, including bundles, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/japanese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">here<\/a>)<\/strong>\n<p>\n\tIf you are learning Japanese, it's good to know that Outlier Linguistics have you covered there as well!\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/japanese?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-18052\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/outlier-kanji-poster-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/outlier-kanji-masterclass?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Outlier Kanji Masterclass<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/outlier-kanji-dictionary-essentials-edition?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Outlier Kanji Dictionary<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/products\/outlier-kanji-semantic-components-poster?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Outlier Kanji Semantic Components Poster<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul><a name=\"notjustcharacters\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"interview\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Interview with Ash Henson of Outlier Linguistics<\/h3>\n<p><em>I first met the Outlier Linguistics team in Taipei, probably in 2013 or so, and I have followed their work since then. To give you a better idea of the people, the work and the company that the dictionary is built on, I interviewed Ash Henson, co-founder and CTO. My questions are in bold and his answers are in the regular text below each question.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><b>First things first, please introduce yourself! How did you get into Chinese?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-13036\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ash.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ash.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/ash-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/>Hey everyone, I\u2019m Ash from Outlier Linguistics. I always tell people that I didn\u2019t choose Chinese, it chose me. When I was getting my undergraduate degree in engineering, back in (oh, man) 1992, I would buy a language book per week. One week, I bought William McNaughton\u2019s <i>Reading and Writing Chinese<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>I had no plan to actually learn it. I thought I might put Chinese characters on a drawing or something (I did a lot of drawing back then &#8212; also, don\u2019t do that. It takes many years to get proficient enough at characters such that they would add to rather than detract from your artwork!).<\/p>\n<p>But, after I bought that book, it became a presence in my house. It would call out to me from the bookshelf while I was doing my physics or math homework. One day, I answered the call and the rest is history as they say.<\/p>\n<p><b>You obviously have a strong interest in Chinese characters. Did that emerge over time or was it love at first sight?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>It was love at first sight. I used to watch kung fu movies late at night when I was a kid. They were dubbed into English, but never translated characters when they appeared on the screen. It\u2019s kinda like my version of Silence of the Lambs. In 2005, I left a career in engineering to move to Taiwan to solve the mystery: What are Chinese characters, exactly?<\/p>\n<p><b>Why did you launch Outlier Linguistics? What would you say that the purpose of the company is?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Our goal is to produce products with excellent content. The type of content we\u2019re going after is the content that we wish was available to us when we started our language learning journeys. Up to now, that has included Chinese characters and pronunciation, but we hope to get more and more general over time.<\/p>\n<p><b>What exactly is your role at Outlier? What do you like most about your job?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Technically, I\u2019m the CTO, but the Outlier Linguistics Dictionary is my baby. Not including the time I spent learning Chinese well enough to even start on that project, I\u2019ve spent over 7 years full time taking graduate classes, writing papers and reading as well as memorizing tons of material in order to develop the skill set to be able to do what I do.<\/p>\n<p>For the dictionary content, that includes learning paleography (the study of the origin and evolution of the script), historical phonology, i.e., Old Chinese (Chinese of roughly 3000 years ago) and Middle Chinese (roughly 1500 years ago) phonology. That is to say, the study of the sounds of the Chinese language starting 3000 years ago and the evolution of those sounds up to modern Mandarin.<\/p>\n<p>I also do a lot of computer programming. It\u2019s insane how much code is required to do a Chinese dictionary. I don\u2019t know for sure how much Python\/C++ code I\u2019ve written for this project, but if I were to print it all out it would be hundreds and hundreds of pages.<\/p>\n<p>What do I like? It\u2019s great doing paleography where you\u2019re thinking in terms of pre-Han dynasty China one minute, and then you\u2019re writing code the next. The switch up is nice. Keeps things fresh.<\/p>\n<p><b>What can we expect from Outlier in the near future? This year? Next year?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Obviously, we\u2019ll keep putting out dictionary content. Once we finish <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/outlier-mandarin-pronunciation-accent-masterclass?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">the Mandarin pronunciation Masterclass<\/a>, we\u2019ll start on producing a Kanji learning Masterclass, which will be based on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/collections\/chinese\/products\/how-to-learn-chinese-characters?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Chinese character learning Masterclass<\/a>, but adapted to fit the Japanese learning experience.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re getting better at making and producing videos, so we\u2019ll also start re-filming some of the videos in the character masterclass as well as coming up with new content.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re also trying to put out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCGcewL4nAdWtH8JlSQ-6Y9Q\">free videos on Youtube<\/a> and even doing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/outlierlinguistics\/?hl=en\">some stuff on Instagram<\/a>. We just released another 700+ Essentials entries for our Chinese dictionary, and we\u2019ll put out a few dozen Expert entries in a few weeks. We\u2019re trying to get to the point of releasing a predictable amount of data on a regular basis, but there is so much work that has to be done and we don\u2019t have enough people.<\/p>\n<p><b>That sounds very interesting; looking forward to all of this! It seems clear that many foreigners learning Chinese appreciate what you\u2019re doing, but what about Chinese people, how do they typically react to your dictionary?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>People \u201con the street\u201d so to speak don\u2019t seem to take it seriously, unless I talk to them about it extensively. From my many discussions about characters with native Chinese speakers, they usually think talking about character form or structure in any way is \u201ccomplicated\u201d and therefore useless.<\/p>\n<p>But, Chinese speakers in the know tend to show me a lot of respect. When I was in the Teaching Chinese as a Second Language department [editor\u2019s note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/i-learnt-chinese-part-6-graduate-program-taiwan\/\">the same department I studied at<\/a>, but not at the same time] for instance, the professors seemed to think I was a hardworking guy, but didn\u2019t really know what I was up to.<\/p>\n<p>When I moved over to the Chinese department, it was totally different. They, for the most part, treat me with respect, because they understand what I\u2019m doing. I was once talking to \u5b63\u65ed\u6607, basically marvelling at how most people (regardless of native language) don\u2019t really get how characters work. He said, \u201cAsh, most people don\u2019t have seven years to put to it like you have.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><b>Can you tell us something interesting about Outlier Linguistics that no one outside the company knows?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>I had to do some thinking on this, but I think I have a good answer. Most people don\u2019t know or understand the insane amount of code I\u2019ve had to write for this project. Not including blank spaces or comments, there are over 80,000 lines of it.<\/p>\n<p>I used two different scripts to count the lines and compared them. They came up with the same answer. There is some overlap in there, like copying the same function into different files, etc, so if we say 15% of the code is overlap (going on gut feeling here), then that\u2019s still roughly 68,000+ lines of code.<\/p>\n<p>So, why so much coding?<\/p>\n<p><b>A) Test code &#8211;<\/b> we have to keep up with exactly what files there are for each entry. Before we send data to Pleco (or wherever), we run a series of tests to make sure all the files that should be there are there and that files which shouldn\u2019t be there aren\u2019t there. We also have to make sure that each link in each file works. In the current version of the dictionary, there are 18,671 links within the traditional character files.<\/p>\n<p>There are many character components which have no unicode support (i.e., you can\u2019t display them on a computer without creating a custom font), we use formulas for those, like [\u6f22-\u6c35] which means \u201cWhat is remaining of \u6f22 when you get rid of \u6c35.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>So far, we have 197 of these formulas, and will be adding another 15 to 20 for the next release. The code has to go into each file, collect all of the formulas, and confirm that there is an image file associated with that formula.<\/p>\n<p>The first time we sent data to Pleco, it was a complete mess. We didn\u2019t have any test code and it took weeks to fix the problems. Now that we have test code in place, sending data out is a much smoother process.<\/p>\n<p><b>B) Writing tools for creating entries &#8211;<\/b> we have three major tools that I\u2019ve written for creating various parts of our entries.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Raw paleography to dictionary entry &#8211;<\/b> this tool, true to its name, semi-automates the process of converting raw paleographic analyses into the properly formatted files for dictionary data. Some of those files still need to be edited by hand, but the heavy lifting is done by the code.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Meaning Tree Facilitator &#8211;<\/b> this tool is a graphical user interface that is used to create meaning trees. It automates the process to the point that all I have to think about is the actual logic of the meaning tree and the scope of data to be included. It automagically gathers the data needed to do the analysis and allows me to easily create the tree such that it looks like on the UI what it will look like in the dictionary.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>The Expert Entry Expediter &#8211;<\/b> as you can tell, I like catchy names! This tool automates the vast majority of the process of creating Expert entries. Before the creation of this tool, that process was excruciating. We had to create and name each image file by hand (which includes bibliographic data about the resource that the image came from), then type out the html structure for those images. Now, we can just drag and drop images, give them names, and everything else is automagic. It also allows us very easy access to our research data. We can quickly go through all of the resources we have for a given character by pushing a few buttons, so in this respect, it\u2019s useful for Essentials entries as well.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Why is this important? Because since I do both the coding and the paleography, this has highly impacted our schedule. We put out the first version of our dictionary in February 2017 and since then, I\u2019ve easily done 1.5 years of coding. I was once told in an online discussion that I shouldn\u2019t be doing more than 30 lines of code per day, but that is basically saying if you were to sit down and properly design everything, test it, have other people look over it, etc. that\u2019s how many lines you could produce.<\/p>\n<p>But, as I usually tell people, that kind of thing, imagine trying to write code (and a dictionary) while being chased by a pack of wild dogs. You just don\u2019t have time for that stuff. I write small functions on the fly and test them as I go. We also have reality checks, like when we send data to Pleco. If there are problems with the data, then Pleco\u2019s test code will find them. The first time we sent data to Pleco, it took weeks to correct all of the data problems. Now, if there are any problems, it usually takes an hour or two to fix them, then I\u2019ll update my code to look for whatever problems creeped up.<\/p>\n<p>Another reason I can get away without doing \u201cproper\u201d coding is that these tools aren\u2019t being released to the public. I\u2019m the only one using the code, so I can just fix any problems that come up. Now for those who think we put out new data slowly (and I have to agree that we do), keep this in mind. If I was going by the \u201cproper\u201d way of coding and doing 30 lines per day, that would take 2266 days or 6.2 years for 68,000 lines of code and I did that in roughly 1.5 years.<\/p>\n<p><b>I\u2019m sure most users have little insight into what it means to keep so much data interlinked and up-to-date, so I\u2019m happy you do it for us!<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Let\u2019s go back to character learning, though, which is after all the purpose of all this. Can you explain your stance when it comes to effective mnemonics and accurate character etymology?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This is a funny one. I\u2019ve gotten a lot of flak online for being \u201cagainst\u201d mnemonics. That couldn\u2019t be further from the truth. I actually learned the majority of the characters I know using a mnemonic system that I learned from Callum Maclay\u2019s long defunct website www.haoyao.com (\u597d\u85e5).<\/p>\n<p>People seem to think that it\u2019s either use mnemonics <i>or<\/i> understand actual character structure. What we\u2019re saying is this: if you want to use mnemonics, then base them on a correct understanding of character structure.<\/p>\n<p>If you understand how characters actually work, that is to say, how they actually represent sound and meaning (and how they <i>don\u2019t<\/i> represent sound and meaning), then you can use these sound and meaning patterns to learn new characters more effectively, recall ones that you\u2019ve already learned and to make intelligent guesses about the sounds and meanings of characters you haven\u2019t even learned yet (our customers testify to this! Quite a few of them write to us in rapturous joy talking about how they guessed correctly the sound and meaning of a character they haven\u2019t even learned yet).<\/p>\n<p>So, if you want the best of both worlds, use mnemonics based on a correct understanding of character structure. My issue is with websites or books that claim that they\u2019re telling you the real story of the character when they\u2019re just showing you a memory story.<\/p>\n<p><b>Yes, I agree that this is indeed tricky. <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hackingchinese.com\/5-levels-of-understanding-chinese-characters-superficial-forms-to-deep-structure\/\"><b>I explored various approaches to this question in a recent article<\/b><\/a><b>, where the approach you describe here would be level 4 out of 5, I think. Level 5 would be only allowing mnemonics truly in line with actual character origin.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>A common and somewhat frivolous question is to ask what one\u2019s favourite character is. Since you spend so much time with characters, I\u2019m curious what your favourite Chinese character is? Use any criteria you want, but please explain your reasoning!<\/b><\/p>\n<p>This changes over time. When I was first learning Chinese characters, I really liked \u5099. I just liked the way it felt when I wrote it. Nowadays, I don\u2019t really have a favorite character per se, but I do have favorite scripts. Like, I really like early \u91d1\u6587 and I really like Warring States scripts, particularly the \u695a\u7cfb\u6587\u5b57.<\/p>\n<p>I guess if I had to choose a favorite character, it would be one whose story ties together different areas of research, like semantics, Old Chinese phonology and paleography. Take \u5b78 for example. When you look at the origin of the \u5196 at the bottom of ?, you find that paleographers, for purely graphical reasons, are torn between it being \u516d or \u5b80. Early forms of \u516d and \u5b80 are so close, that some paleographers think they\u2019re the same form, but a different character (\u540c\u5f62\u7570\u5b57). However, there are others who say that there are distinguishing characteristics between the two in most cases.<\/p>\n<p>People who have only seen the modern script generally dramatically underestimate the chaos which is character origin and evolution! So, when I was trying to figure out what was going on with \u5b78 and was specifically looking at the semantics of \u516d vs. \u5b80, most paleographers said that it was \u5b80 \u201cbuilding\u201d and represented a school.<\/p>\n<p>That immediately brings up a question in my mind: \u201cDid the Shang have a dedicated school house in their communities?\u201d I couldn\u2019t find any evidence of that (though it may exist somewhere).<\/p>\n<p>I then looked at the Old Chinese reconstructions (from Baxter and Sagart 2014): \u5b78 *m-k\u02e4ruk (\u89ba\u90e8), \u516d *k.ruk and wow! As it turns out, \u516d makes a very good sound component for \u5b78! I even emailed Dr. Baxter to ask why he constructed a *k.- as a prefix to *ruk in order to make sure he wasn\u2019t doing so based on \u5b78 or \u89ba as that would make the argument circular, but it had nothing to do with either.<\/p>\n<p>It may surprise some readers the Old Chinese actually had a series of prefixes and suffixes (though it\u2019s more rigorous to say something like, \u201cGiven the evidence, it looks very likely that Old Chinese had a series of prefixes and suffixes.\u201d) Anyway, it\u2019s really exciting when phonological reconstruction can aid in solving a paleographic problem and vice versa.<\/p>\n<p><b>Finally, let\u2019s dream for a while. If you had a time machine and could visit any period in China for one day, what period would you pick? What would you try to learn?\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s a difficult question to answer. There are quite a few unsolved paleographical, phonological as well semantic questions that are difficult to answer.<\/p>\n<p>The character for \u201cscroll\u201d \u518a, which shows up in oracle bone script, suggests that scrolls made of bamboo strips were in use during the Shang dynasty, but none of them survived. So, I suppose I would pick a peaceful time during the Shang dynasty to meet with the oracle bone scribes and record as much of their speech as possible.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, I\u2019d try to see as many scrolls as possible. That could possibly clear up several issues:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What language did the Shang speak and is it related to that of the Zhou?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Are oracle bone characters representative of the written language of the Shang or was it a special medium?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Were there actually prefixes, suffixes and infixes in Shang dynasty speech?<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is the language of xiesheng series the same language as Old Chinese?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Of course, I\u2019d have to study the history of the Shang in more detail before going, so I could answer as many unsolved questions of Shang history as possible.<\/p>\n<p><b>Interesting! I look forward to your finding a time machine, learning about these things and, hopefully, turning your insights into even better learning aids. Thank you for answering my questions and good luck with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.outlier-linguistics.com\/?rfsn=4170716.4415dd\">Outlier Linguistics<\/a> in the future!<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese characters is an excellent tool to help you understand and thereby learn Chinese characters more effectively.  This is an in-depth review, covering the two versions of the dictionary, essential and expert, as well as other related products provided by outlier. There is also a 25% discount code for those who want to try the dictionary!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5,6,10,13,14,20,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-advanced","category-beginner","category-distinctively-chinese","category-intermediate","category-learning-in-class","category-learning-outside-class","category-science-and-research","category-vocabulary"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Review: The Outlier Dictionary of Chinese Characters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Outlier Linguistics Dictionary of Chinese characters is an excellent tool to help you understand and thereby learn Chinese characters more effectively. 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